Let's consider the following example:
1<p>
2 Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet consectetur adipisicing elit.
3 <a href="/"
4 >Fuga blanditiis delectus voluptatum molestias accusantium id repudiandae
5 exercitationem!</a
6 >
7 Labore ipsum blanditiis vero, doloremque, nisi vel molestiae ea odio tempore
8 recusandae dicta?
9</p>
10<p>
11 Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet consectetur adipisicing elit. Illum itaque eaque
12 esse inventore incidunt delectus quia? Eos nam fuga sint obcaecati magnam.
13 Fuga voluptatem doloremque quisquam eligendi libero. Deleniti, rerum.
14</p>
Notice that the <p> element always starts on a new line and takes up as much horizontal space as possible. On the other hand, the <a> element does not start on a new line and only takes up as much space as necessary.
This is, in fact, the difference between the block elements and inline elements.
Most of the elements we mentioned so far are block elements, such as <p>, <div>, <h1> to <h6>, <li>, etc. Without extra styles defined, they will automatically take up as much horizontal space as possible.
The <a> element is an example of an inline element. It only takes up as much space as necessary when placed along side other elements. And the width and height attributes will have no effects on it.
There are many other elements, both block and inline elements available in HTML. It is impossible to discuss all of them in one lesson, but here is a reference of all HTML elements from W3Schools if you are interested.
Recall that we introduced the block and inline elements at the beginning of this chapter, where we explored the basics of HTML.
Block elements are those that automatically take up all the horizontal space available, but you can define custom width and height. Inline elements, on the other hand, only take as much space as necessary, and defining width and height has no effect on these elements.
Inline
However, you sometimes need to be more flexible when working on real-life projects. For example, you are trying to build a navigation bar that sits on top of the page, and you have a list of links here:
1<ul>
2 <li><a href="#">Link1</a></li>
3 <li><a href="#">Link2</a></li>
4 <li><a href="#">Link3</a></li>
5 <li><a href="#">Link4</a></li>
6</ul>By default, <li> is a block element occupying the horizontal line.
This would waste a lot of vertical space. To fix this issue, you can change how the <li> elements are displayed using the display property.
1li {
2 display: inline;
3}And now, the <li> will be displayed as an inline element.
Block
You can also make an inline element behave like a block element in a similar way.
1<div><span>#1</span><span>#2</span></div>1span {
2 border: 2px solid black;
3 display: block;
4}Inline block
If you need an inline element but you want to be able to customize its width and height, you can use inline-block instead.
1span {
2 border: 2px solid black;
3 display: inline-block;
4 width: 100px;
5 height: 50px;
6}display vs. visibility
display can also control whether or not an element is rendered on the webpage. If you set display to none, the element will not be displayed. This can create useful features when combined with JavaScript, allowing you to toggle the element on and off.
This behavior is very similar to another CSS property called visibility. Their difference is that when visibility is set to hidden, the element is still on the webpage, just not displayed by the browser. It will take up the same space as before. When display is set to none, the element will be completely removed from the webpage.
The display property is probably the most important CSS property we are going to cover in this chapter. It not only controls the display types of individual elements, but also the layout of its children. However, this requires a deeper understanding of CSS, so we will come back to this topic later.